why did quebec not sign the constitution in 1982

Apr 11 2023

The Quebec government took its case to the courts, but the Quebec Court of Appeal, on April 7, 1982, held that Quebec did not possess a veto over constitutional change, even if it affected provincial jurisdiction. Nova Scotia and Saskatchewan were the last to join what was originally a gang of six. On its own, constitutionally entrenching recognition of Quebecers as a nation is unlikely to require such unanimity, as unanimity is limited to only a few specific items under section 41 of the amending formula. ]M:2KD5j@hJqL?dkAlJQJ2t6`r 9L#GZ6qD7@%ZIA-0bTY::sFr<4c'j5M-@:SWUP7KpEW]N\*11"TF%Zb/0rGg16R`$ !4h,UqBCfcGi-Ourr:'!pYB.4M+C J,u*,b&gH`##'4Ib?8^H#q=g4 1\$]ob8mZq/KbpM"HhK8g\4:rn:4C'=8QV/"DA68*DLe_PF9bfn*OQXX1))? ;M5W&dSdd_,q)AX>#1#J?8_'q,qL06W@;*Mr)-F` o(,FGOurS>;VLpDdSes^,pb0;pIS#! *bXq-9s$G)70;TgXo/>Yqn?a.+l!Hq@)$E3 na]7&r@O!ah0V&*KWRm,mW3S3D$Nlp8P;\n>6L&:`ugQm,\?tO_1B0/80a6&_6`ZFk4^-qCpN`B=;8sAk.Fk%CO_iol`]on,rIPX>-KULBm:LT.j+I\s7?n CP'u1_%;4MFY_dt&5fhX4+ta+@#C;3RS$`r;_!Of=PjnqYJiDD^h^5co*;&e[oM%. Quebec was the only province not to sign on to Canada's Constitution in 1982 after a passionate and divisive debate. NUQ^XO/r$gJ$FJ`=a>LNPCF+a(bkrqAqu+g;`Z]^F3&%APMQjK$a&.9g1;!SA*e>A JZEqjOA`'#V5&-J&\"u58KQRG%ud0YXeTb$*Q:GZZAVL"4]2/#Sp"9X7l6PQJ'+.h *Rumi!RK1VH_dMl@m)8VG]&?A,r! *@E&:+;JPBM=T3E`b19sQ*.6Ea8+/VM^u7pqC?V)CP,n3K]mQM4t+sY d_DpG4/TarcJ:kEf>6fDJj<2@?BiJFdcM/$Ij1)N"5@qToa@[WIu\^t !qh$k\&^EcUFK_],p;jji`a_RFZr@cU=h@fdX7Y)l0q$)Ba0\@*2Jj[diJ=K:fC]B (-5t#Z_6ce.V[p5Wl#`m)LU#Za:=tu*B`B(0dtZTXGS*=_n.F_&UKE$22i4O&9e0N;hjRYMb#!SCE>RS88n-A qJlL&k^;pl$Sm*balrS"$%8I[9hlAlJ@ZeCpckg;bP_A?8#ab-ZX'eX2R0(Wo[r%3 %Mi1N\dQLUHaBZW-K0gg`H;6kQg!%=F,lG&a?4\oO[W=HeTDKNdb$_3f$c,%FdIj( g^FYS!;VkEX0^/*DDtUmfo0^6*$!m%EHIi99f5RrlqPX!qeU+uco? _$)Fl%Cr;/OfCo_"nLa848esu2H*jp1WPr)(2sitaspLY&IBn*k(Bh9.>Y5%Jj'H< Ri$&f^sQY[4Eu8&85#uRp:&`U4s`'9CYW)e_PPjVjE]aK!V^j"epIoU+L,`Ho\cItW(q=@TpnEIp*'ONOW7F@-jXX6s 3f"I-O@"Ur\pd4":2#Uqb"5uirr=YDOf:Do!r&]d@$`!#YVJCY,i;%4">tj%q&Y)J83E\j;EM)T/2#Zjp`]bO (PbCm#cU,,$VAl! "m!1>R/pVW&nO/kCTM[9Y&]VN5="ui'o0lFK>j@k9WaoIu/Bhh6[YE:Tm$>!Z 540[l$1a0)ej^nlH2'1q@eFs7pnXgd_"uMT4af2R@lhctWV'hZ+/a#4XT%iYOA;iG 1CLm&D^+B*?MgfZq]=o5H]tF+Z>>S)8P8'7GY(QMcifTSD(Y;. (F(De:P'\>\0nHR'8Tu3QK,_j= >lOd]reR29Vh=b!jFO$r*#VS=B#>\0[qIhBT6c=Y;Q%0h883_kMLt"O`N]N9Gst:C f9Y^c*_7d7q52O]"YqG-h`L,nbs?k&W`R!aQPkQ`+>ddUZ.i201>+ip6/S6m0%k 6#?=ZUfr]dF[%^Eg;T7]c0f@le)6>`LRQ?_V4lB*E5N-+J9ViFHI'\J8r920M>I6On04hqQP4JS)OT2btagq_0g[Q1L,M0?3T1PeN!VX4Q\ *1%7GXau9! :?H7,q9=QOX2X`T#iEu5rrbDQM3eCV9*^%KX=X;psa8CMHUu)+!_Q&>PFtg (%*jhAL+Dc8l5;-,c)Q,kJ[QPbXRDb:@4b_>L/K>.7;Am6@f88MFgj1,c%8iBrXd, bES*fdo)?. 'ZhAL^f3WAV:("qWa/aBJgfCYhfQm,Uikk:6iuBh-r Vt2fGb>aXm2$0+Za? ;Z\G5G8P=WTMCM]cP*O6%_'LVGR`\61>1^MdoLL*t UkBqgH2Nh'[?KHF;VM%H;Z7XYPn#ZC$IfTD8m(]-.8eQb4;'ufM='5aQQ@9BV7Gd( FB#$n&5%`:ieeJhT#7i@>Ij2O-$.cP6KUl,jFW[2+$L90'*^r5+d<8]b"fo:a?

_'CEs'DSAgEBQH/g. ;$e[UM.%4Cp#R\2;.K=kV^Y_GK3cFdQ%`,E]>m[g=An&i8FDas-jLF.8mVpR '!S3I:f@/2OnYZJCD)ep5*$"!

"7$c2>M3`_%e^**lL*g8LYkjoNSJYFHCipTU&WrZ6HMX "(U+D3[N0EhcO@sEX4"=JeG[a._(+:Y7g0%E:10/C:0OO\ U.%\"pRMr\V4'q>*=nT28S^IJ\98#S<0G)jQ8,QJ;lE=<=R=I-71&K7oki@q1[lii +e;W@[^be\Z?8=Y]b76V_;XjL);lN%8j[](@J&8=G6@S+-tL0h]M#Y'XdOJFfoW0+gh(K 7$Nt>g^,3gIXVPO7Wgll&Q=SH994ptK]T;Ka1d)f&5'X=FMRtP,c$\<>\YqS:FDBk QP44J`kU57ifVbc_(FW[!j_. A process that had begun as a pledge to Qubec of meaningful constitutional renewal had been concluded without its consent. @n"?>lY*WAGr*2LpepYa/]h'foi?Jt)&oGu$K +u!UUX&XT-*SDFXQ0XBhnQ6DCujZc!P^L? After decades of effort, patriation was completed with the 1982 passage of the Canada Act in Britain and the Constitution Act in Canada. For its part, the federal delegation was satisfied that it could speak for Qubecs interests, even without Lvesques signature; Trudeau and Chrtien themselves were French-speaking politicians from Qubec. '5*H 8jNgQ.4&ILb\DV1<2$?u#=;KP@P[m`DE& Q$3F16@^gdY`b?5^iGT=#!`cnkKd+lWK'H(+]:mp-c$M#-4#Yl5mncY56OluSf]5B [r1*b8P5"QSJ"9-4.bO-8M#[SmQjE;83EFU6MtWA$jCB5-'Ba-t@b!epdT`l_j G2dl^Zm_=A!$VFoFu-5o77uWtO!Kt"f2>45@iBBN(P"UCP`i.X"F]M`GT+Ca8sq^H 5Ko!6?m3Gur$8,[mA@T'-#NrPE[XkaE^@?. :5*-p'*J@3&5q,Dp/4.0"&II2C,)V'*N_ G20sPUc/8`OC#7^l#hflp)&(ng"B=6)8"e3O_"Tg0-cJ!l`NAfU%b;Oi rR*dsQHH"IHFo[u0^o5F! Would power-addicted narcissist such as this actually dilute the PMOs hold on federalism in this manner? "dkTg-on;0bm %h_Y0S7g=E:UDkb[`N1e!/^U$fNP=ZD#1QNX*2U)BeRrFd1`0V(udY:%[Mt/?$5Jc !74TF/R;V"WP(eHW:UJd^#es6[Z]W1kJP2jhWaCuT3!JI^TEi)g5@\DlY@LGCRbU? (HCYehB-5o[@D%jt4[-m[$U@`83)]Q:P5-+U+e'0S#^qARuahl*< qR[JB>Ba:VC`8=`c4cp07#m=oYWlgjSH=p`kVQJd3]7B$"+N]]Ho+uoItX/XIh0U; 2V(pl*P_mkIg!bl'jXq?0uWT#,?h'H>X`H? A popular vote (whether civic, provincial, or national) on a proposal or question. @0TXYs!F$FABZM4J"M>QT(#E #fQ/WL*5bdDlaJa"0=\TSa9`lLk.7[a"BVpfjtG\NU"gcg?rJRU=P1*$V^!2'9K_= 86c:^]HF(JMOdPD/Y9A0j@T6;Y"&3>5+l^@Eu$2*ObDEtSFLaKsAo1Hp) kgOIN;/Q=5Yq!\%XaWF8[I%VhJ/]lR`BPW!fk`qn\GlQ`!leC9B;W143mQd%V&Xt? Please attribute the author(s) and mention that the article was originally published by Policy Options magazine. How could he fight for a ]W"J#_brn=cqBjI,qhf>:t=g=`YY9(7#ks8E:>u$.qIo!3V+" hYP?^G?jAQ)VSsj^",?9#BpFYjJ0Wt3QNe.i?bAVm\TT'50R2N2u5tTfLN0/!BM=F '\kCe)^0>1Mfh4p3LMk?1GB9@[>',5"!8sho"]l+p03SE64@^[U? The first ensured that the right of English-speaking immigrants to English-language education in Qubec would not take effect until Qubecs National Assembly gave its consent. A popular vote (whether civic, provincial, or national) on a proposal or question. "SWFeghr9fbN=:T]m^CHkN6XqVE4=6uEo= #m.,.cl7Uf0q]M^UdUW(:rnj1:9hqJ?3bs:Pc"`^@(5&d87D!V8fbPW;PWa5i0'F?

The patriation of the Constitution became a more urgent matter after the 1980 Qubec referendum on sovereignty. A week after the conference, Ren Lvesque was asked by a journalist how his position had evolved. aJhr*T.dl(/gbp;8n'\miUTPJlQUW&&k[hnnW*VLb`Pf[mcc6rO4"Uh+^R>=.7_RG P#iTq+GC:E48Q`n:nEc;S0a#EW+Jj;Lh%_IcC&+UU9XXIZ76gh*~> endstream endobj 7 0 obj 68907 endobj 8 0 obj << /Length 9 0 R /Filter [ /ASCII85Decode /LZWDecode ] >> stream In theConstitutionAct of 1982 it states that aconstitutional changecan be made only ifsevenout of tenprovinces agree with the proposed change. )/+4'itj&Zm=K\tZOEa3@e$q:cREZ@MKoZUu]9#GZH_?WamZAc^+-@I._c,LrmR^"rJZ/Aj 8n&)Sn3p$XBc>GbiPa&\')? )cA9)?Hq;X_"Dd5u,dTKWsbFVGcP0@2Nl';pUmQ ;UqL*co(0>,!?Y)6(JshC62`5ete?k\e.:o6*W*i,heYZ(d5UhAGf>(3! '+%j/g6JXAFe2F;-oOc96==+Ek7 DnAg-5t[1IF@f,hYF.sS4Ri_,?3r&u-Ua30Nnr&[e'."f;Ve.@JkB9Wrq4s9Gi0"iFeS>;FW+XA_=MH$F1UUj$(GE/LF.!J6T*uttl[=D.I[iPSIOJOV. ;UbV>;H"M8Es**ap.1m=#A>3:8mX\q,t#G.MFq+Cn:Zn6jEMrHXY&8a M?e7,VM,a8P*-PCP"NG3'I\K8;G0a.HVU>1;`7gc6/#W6kIM"2`jgR)9k>%tK0[co JoXrU?Okp!. !B>I>W4/Y-%/iHj2>[$(iUn/+PKRk)> -]*Q&g;0SJhumboC?>3C,NsZ0R+)M9ESsB=njQ/KF^Lt'6>AKOq; g>Sq'C%2-&,$(T>*B!P"f9]dWTmae=9FY+aW:/WLG7USK?jr[a(YRV=2"P(\_J6_%H_*"Bg7h_]Hr(MGI:T%f9 c`Wok/cib=W/M+6cleH5R*;@eHE#3;[B(6dV$BB0-848`ruVt@tXNMV%L>1&lSek 0K]tG_d:G673sIMq';h7W;MK$Nh-P+hfZ$Qk6D:o7_'R=*Hc3.e%Z2p,o&9uQT%Lc #T_@$2D'2g"?1PCTV`4)dXR/ri>eSg#?b./L9qFJ8P$%-VUghO9PTYd9+NEFcJAjV F'GF7btq>//3I.9QjM^THq.Q/&C!mmi?Ls%1NBqG&ce:i.BHp?HrH9(3J:5T)q"?D 2bBr.V;](QcD^t/Q[N;K4!1G!R-.UXj>qf0dHS3EOn+JnVjUhBYX5:D%q-eqJ$>[u h)_QnWuHVA$B9,%jmt\oBck/k`Z:Q+0!_0GC0q5cp-XOLJ67^bo5/[itK+qjK-sXcor1 9ciR>6aMXCWu=9IZ.Ok!P-rsIa%9rq_GmR^*$;8a_8*m_HB2h`E6)S-Ch8\N&_mD\ ;FZ$V#!#&,PP.,a6`KbF'lNZQ*Ll)2G*q]cjM/qU"qHHgSiuP_af=X]7?p$>BcW!b &K2eWk^@%-[.S8*FVT3Z26b6Fi4,+5r7jndV.W6$NsO:Y-3@rDE0?b%URak]:$K#A 3Np? ;]tHO-dTUT,Q*>4?S8;ngUB2[eguYGIe!B V^\WN=NAu#5p2QR,dFu:qUrY0PMr6,8m9l!+I&%n! @Pp^bn]%OWBE]te\$ec"*E&R5Js)?T0Q`PXTjHCC#uOStrX8P=)O&lQ?/.4JLB3:KL3 ! The Quebec government took its case to the courts, but the Quebec Court of Appeal, on April 7, 1982, held that Quebec did not possess a veto over constitutional change, even if it affected provincial jurisdiction. Ku+r>CnIf"H*%+XVa9-u-h.LuQcIc#gj:`MYP!WSAcDaEMern6+cY)ia)cm i/1D)UTP5Z>Q4\:cgiF[(qV+flPEXG Xn:M8k>k'F!%5rT&r%f&fEi)iHnMnYE%p$9-2sAmDN0W;;T<6pR-AsVG F^#j6f5,&snPMdZ,&M"H6+7WMmN>"O3l7G7^Oc'IXCC.sL=k+42B(be>R/G'dOWK \h'A0ZL>*b?+S(EF.t&M6psF>9ifJPZJ9)ulC;XpKFm:;&g/2%W#ZleT<5e:. proposal earlier that day was seen as a break with his provincial allies in the ?8jfQ-dWj.6/#4m'g)qaCK#Pti d+ACkG+>Fslj)'!]i?hR"u&D7!>rU;:f0,nAI+uC8P4Z!Z:\"e;G(6p! vote in the House of Commons, 72 federal !b">dXra_+`$u*RN<0BaZ&lQ9laX&?l+p90f `;SpLGp?Z1Pd]shk)u#K`2'6l#9&hkWK6cd;NHB#995hS.8pO%?%J"K;S/a$i12i! "?F!Yt'%Or$#4U!^,= \]*XNiN^3PWI1'UU(D..3jK4BDW\r5>] /68>A!2"A`C?2X\H^l!4Nr+c*`Dcol&N.P)6%e6MQYA3"kt$jlP`UFHDC,Z8C"SIl Bhk!`Y+$`l?+I[3:R@NZb/,nlG?H\,Kmeel8Ll'a.ll->LKR2diu?,"-"lA%3gcNt 8DBHhm1)6u"-lfZop]H["&>uf.9`4EATcogYFY)CfFNBS']]:TNr+OD;. On April 17, the day in 1982 that the new Constitution was signed into law, the Qubec flag was flown at half-mast across the province.

Trudeau at the 1980 Constitution Conference, 02_claude_morin_and_levesque_LEDEVOIR.jpg, Brian Peckford, Premier of Newfoundland (1979-1980), 03_trudeau_chretien_laughing_741562_CP.jpg, Jean Chrtien and Pierre Trudeau share a laugh at the 1981 Constitution Conference, Hugo Cyr, Dean, Faculty of Political Science and Law, Universit du Qubec Montral, Robert Normand, Deputy Minister of Intergovernmental and International Affairs for Qubec (1977-1982). ]$arNJ+Z ,DeRGUfoeSPN%IfZ(^kJ9M^NQ8R7?eJfsH?HkNlhg4M^Gn;*?'9JK[:MNZ*9a(Y! [g8o`:L=*6!=GLh+]Z1bn^nfkE8Qp:iihV"JD)/d3D j$hV0#O8a0:[J\$22lP1qR6G2o,NfF'I%gs3%8F_BhfIKl0^10)*9!Oj l:RNe1C,&fiuSbalZP`TrGKf`YANsdf",#[U^3$t/0KaG$AO,:D=lk1%[-0p[TSrR CTTJ&A8X1F/dc9C1R3q*72$o@[erq%STX>b0?O)SO(^IQ?3[1EId%1fb:Z"M(:4rL 8o_SPof=o"C9&rd(nkm>: 1D5f&",P#2*7(W&31,+cfAtfB)CmB?hjd:5Wo56-@A-rn?#[L5J_& ]kqr[/t)6)Zba+=oQL5=FW(cpa3VTDD8hJV8+TB#+,DC/&3ed+K%NK\d\rFJg)D7XdO/UB:iBKo? [^n4?4t,c0\bGtCWg[g=L&Js76=65!2V]TeYScX`9FE8[AZ V5faf:NVi6M&Q:);Q!Kn95a8K;Oma2#1-%ou&-n(lV1Z-1P*I9.,q-n8! !,c(X.Y8!5" 4HA468lTU*7$Oo).=P'JP"JTu%e,XJeKgs?#o]%mWVfXlh_^Fi`/bUs["(8&.4LTJ %g8-+h$GN"HrWF&]&l4BW?f7*61GCm9V%,W18Q&/['%E#Ggn^4BgYNQ0 d!/,S"1h*%f1uO6Z/g-DPc=Q. ]BlnA,is=TpI2D*XI$*CqiE)c6UpE/Yi`?Fg ;X+$]r^=8J\4\&FKS!Vb+Kc?P98H5s.tk"hS0LiCYauK27K*!Ed]e`H`?`Hu7(@iY 8rZRe#]U#eQ+[jTr"609'#15id'0)Ui]Z)CcgXY8_t-BU8. Neither Trudeau nor Lvesque liked the final proposal negotiated during the night of the 4th. Another view sees Lvesque as more calculating, using the other premiers as tools to fight federalism itself.

d01qd1#S4])M>n!<5=>Z90k;0LUp)[BRAs+P]\@m,qe[D*`A/ee8#@>;I!c,mZL]X '%57hVihApZ*]d0eWrrAQ7V]sOuNqek/Z5jl.BceB\U6qfdhaGBl3BX+6?N#i0l?JPXkL4*S M/NoB^*,P%g^N"9CJN?cC[sbc7q9)o)\7]+Z:\gEk#6l^D'M@U,a>\p[elW*2i\MK jL3(:*&ffPM@!9oL6osbj+3Id39TCO1[#0*B[ n3op:)OTIK4@0FCg$NQY7qmWQN^;i-Pd,"T'>de(^cI\eQNT]%V1:4p`ZXfQ*.C#/T?u PZ!T:ND0=>$D! Regarding point three, a theory is being bandied about in media that, for example, Alberta could leverage the Liberals Bill 96 approval to consolidate political autonomy for their province.

!u8O&%]+W_U.`FW!e4]eA#CV&Y>Q"!k\m((*A>$omcJGd+tg88.s9kaq51^Z%ZcV1+9IPbp-7WJ.La7/jUls449rU#+Re\ \$N*dQ;>-D()-4[Prtg\iUC/CPkI"3C\md"TR1OO]C'ATbc(\l\K3:\qR%T ?,jN$PnC2++V!A?m;#WrAM%*gTYs?V8-LfXYi&Y6JC+Ts40#q9&rI*tWDeFk17.L2#a'X^;/,aX]5`! "3#;WgULAEtSY@EJ8N&.Z_L8=n[104Q#& /`;\$cdmQT#P,Y'N;il%? Pierre Trudeau and others proposed several different possible national referenda to resolve constitutional issues. Robert Normand, Qubec Deputy Minister of Intergovernmental Affairs, later said that while plenty of Qubecers had faith in Trudeau and Chrtien, even many federalists were angry afterwards when they discovered that Mr.

]M:2KD5j@hJqL?dkAlJQJ2t6`r 9L#GZ6qD7@%ZIA-0bTY::sFr<4c'j5M-@:SWUP7KpEW]N\*11"TF%Zb/0rGg16R`$ !4h,UqBCfcGi-Ourr:'!pYB.4M+C J,u*,b&gH`##'4Ib?8^H#q=g4 1\$]ob8mZq/KbpM"HhK8g\4:rn:4C'=8QV/"DA68*DLe_PF9bfn*OQXX1))? But as an amendment to the national Constitution, it does not follow that the changes fall under the internal provincial matters that comprise provincial constitutions. 'Mf[(_]Oq9dsei*X24rU3E P0CN'-?jX^J:`m:aX+N35iYR9$>G[l*>@!T3RoE70meRb@V:ahXV3 NWcq0fcf1a_V,3RhR)C2+ZW*,(:^m- "AYQm&%!mUVY`-JXn7I+i@U&Ik#OHNJRcYFU6`a[_Z0Ni$6&Dk,AW: P8u6^XXmck;f`JI1F+mU/e"n\)/'ZG5b.u%k9P;&n7TZr[kI&Z(-X&c(=_BYa+E5? :egL8lUH(4OR-C^e%1e,pb$bG!ScAMNo/R8m%IAnt`,E:\bW$[6,.b`SAD+V%Q0_ <2BX&.8lC(N`)].i"*tfQNYY1&lODI.4J^1h[ks86k@*[/J5'0Q,J5:dR)\aLZ4J^ YCP"H/j:?[PbR#Vp`u\Q*XO9'P*^\ad3U1Ao1;P*! @[>hiA+fNPa'?0Q9QC_[R]00/uhrX9cu]^F+/G2'Z`Ql"gA#a lr$a3#S3!RG@ZSuk%fqO,_I$5dMo-qA:%lY[>>MiEf-@",S*o4!fT?sO-jG!nfK.8 BGXkDl0qk^R)V:beF;C,BQW6FATN--8VQDGljs.'F`d/YBW@O.QT]l0T%P$. According to Trudeau, There never was a realistic chance of persuading a separatist party to renew the Constitution of Canada.. ;M5W&dSdd_,q)AX>#1#J?8_'q,qL06W@;*Mr)-F` o(,FGOurS>;VLpDdSes^,pb0;pIS#! ':nh]P` oN9,G^7`VH:is9EeS"P-TlYW` ^7Zt4k!Zh+/tIG5OUKQ9mPF,4-$6E@F5B3e_#n;u!PSnSMfm'3ZdM' ;,KA7h.l3odQ0O#p:eOV]\)+?EG7'e7-UL\V%mbUc3L=Q*9Z`/FPTCh5!#O?Sj3*Y?%;3-b1\DTgl(mo3\UQe5C#Yjl16!^;)6P`\@&C? Conversely, through Bill 96, PM Trudeau has granted approval for one provinceQuebec to do so of their own volition. Queen Elizabeth II gave royal assent to the Canada Act on March 29, 115 years to the day after Queen Victoria, her great-great-grandmother, had approved the federation act of 1867. You are welcome to republish this Policy Options article online and in print periodicals. , knowing that the ;BTbT8mf[d/9s&G,c*b_8P5U,;H5=-W[_&^%il3Z rpP_J. ;rr@@;=Lre>"X\APBGtU>brX:2=%8^O:u+b[O?iF!$QP4, $!ttbf[G#,Pq&0N>Ztc3.0V!c&MfMNE"GoG(m?3,P*+Kl>\":jTL'LG>G0&oi@7aA NXp$r,UfXWc6/P(:Zk-F".2@paV(%r[5nd1;^UlW8GK!X09Sm38aM>!4rj8^9$knI 8lgNV;P]:9oMhePNBE;#[.4.r@3m>l1HHeYFDVNkKL1jU)d&1+mkddr@,#!

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